![]() ![]() Those 64 bits are sometimes referred to as a "line." Memory bus (interface) width: Each DDR, DDR2, or DDR3 memory interface is 64 bits wide.Number of data transfers per clock: Two, in the case of "double data rate" (DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4) memory.The nomenclature differs across memory technologies, but for commodity DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, and DDR3 SDRAM memory, the total bandwidth is the product of: The hardware convention is most directly tied to the hardware, but may not represent the minimum amount of data traffic required to implement the user's code.įor example, some computer systems have the ability to avoid write allocate traffic using special instructions, leading to the possibility of misleading comparisons of bandwidth based on different amounts of data traffic performed. This gives a total of 3 million bytes per second actually transferred by the hardware. Using the same 1 million byte copy example, the hardware bandwidth on computer systems with a write allocate cache policy would include an additional 1 million bytes of traffic because the hardware reads the target array from memory into cache before performing the stores. The hardware convention: counts the actual amount of data read or written by the hardware, whether the data motion was explicitly requested by the user code or not.The STREAM convention is most directly tied to the user code, but may not count all the data traffic that the hardware is actually required to perform. Using the previous 1 million byte copy example, the STREAM bandwidth would be counted as 1 million bytes read plus 1 million bytes written in one second, for a total of 2 million bytes per second. The Stream convention: sums the amount of data that the application code explicitly reads plus the amount of data that the application code explicitly writes.The bcopy convention is self-consistent, but is not easily extended to cover cases with more complex access patterns, for example three reads and one write. For example, copying 1 million bytes from one location in memory to another location in memory in one second would be counted as 1 million bytes per second. The bcopy convention: counts the amount of data copied from one location in memory to another location per unit time.There are three different conventions for defining the quantity of data transferred in the numerator of "bytes/second": These are intended to provide insight into the memory bandwidth that a system should sustain on various classes of real applications. A variety of computer benchmarks exist to measure sustained memory bandwidth using a variety of access patterns. In practice the observed memory bandwidth will be less than (and is guaranteed not to exceed) the advertised bandwidth. Memory bandwidth that is advertised for a given memory or system is usually the maximum theoretical bandwidth. Memory bandwidth is usually expressed in units of bytes/second, though this can vary for systems with natural data sizes that are not a multiple of the commonly used 8-bit bytes. Memory bandwidth is the rate at which data can be read from or stored into a semiconductor memory by a processor. JSTOR ( February 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. ![]()
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